The cardiopulmonary resuscitation  (CPR) or cardiopulmonary resuscitation  (RCR) is a set of maneuvers designed to ensure the  oxygenation  of the organs when the circulation of the blood  from a person to ( cardiopulmonary arrest ). In this situation, if blood is not pumped to vital organs, such as the brain or the  heart , these organs eventually go into necrosis, putting the person's life at risk.

The basic procedures of breathing are:

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1. clear the airway (with caution as there may be cervical damage)

2. loosen the victim's clothing, especially around the neck, chest, and waist;

3. check if there is anything or object obstructing the victim's mouth or throat;

4. start rescue breathing as soon as the casualty is in the correct position. Every second is precious.

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The basic procedures of  cardiac massage are:

1. place the victim's back on a hard surface in the supine position;

2. place the hands overlapping on the lower half of the  sternum  with arms outstretched;

3. fingers should be open and not touching the chest wall;

4. then, apply pressure, with great force, so that the sternum is lowered about 5 cm, compressing the heart against the vertebral column;

5. then decompress.

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Keep the victim lying on the floor; - Kneel beside her; - Overlap your hands and place them on top of the victim's chest bone; - Keep your arms straight (never bend your elbows); - Start the compression of the victim's chest, putting weight on her and releasing; - Perform 100 compressions per minute; - If possible, every 100 compressions take turns with another person until Samu 192 arrives.

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From 4 to 6 minutes brain damage can occur in the victim. After 6 minutes brain damage is virtually certain.

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According to the protocol edited by the American Heart Association in 2010, there was a recommendation to change the sequence of BLS procedures from ABC (Airway, Breathing, Chest Compressions) to CAB (Chest Compressions, Airway, Breathing) in adults, children and infants (excluding neonates at chest compression rate), the lone rescuer should initiate CPR with 30 compressions rather than 2 breaths to reduce the delay in delivering the first compression.

 

The compression rate should be at least 100/minute (instead of “approximately” 100/minute). The depth of compression in adults has been slightly changed to at least 2  inches  (about 5 cm), instead of the previously recommended range of about 1½ to 2 inches (4 to 5 cm). When dealing with a "lay" rescuer, he/she should prioritize the application of compressions (100/minute).

 

Healthcare professionals quickly check respiration by checking if the patient is responding in order to detect signs of CRP. After the application of 30 compressions, the rescuer acting alone must open the victim's airway and deliver two breaths, chest compressions must be performed at a minimum rate of 100 compressions per minute and insufflations one breath every 6 or 8 seconds.

 

American Heart Association reference source.